Cambodia Expedition Wrap-up: Where Do We Go From Here?

CI marine biologist Les Kaufman spends most of his trips to the “field” near, on or in the ocean. But this month in Cambodia’s Tonle Sap region, he’s in for something different. Les is part of a team studying the interactions between one of the world’s largest freshwater fisheries and the people who depend on it. Read his previous posts from this trip.

tree at Angkor Wat

A Tetrameles nudiflora tree both ornaments and obliterates a portion of the Angkor Wat temple at Ta Prohm. (© CI/photo by Les Kaufman)

With the adventures of the open lake behind us, we set out to complete our last two missions in Cambodia on this trip: begin our exploration of the lake basin uplands, and discuss how we might unite the multiple elements of our project into a unified whole, complete with a crack team of Cambodian and expat graduate students, postdocs and technicians.

First we set off for the headwaters of the Siem Reap River, perhaps the most famous and visited of the feeder streams to Tonle Sap, for it includes an outer temple of the famous Angkor Wat complex. The short hike up began eventfully, with a gibbon calling from the nearby dipterocarp hill forest. (Learn more about Cambodia’s gibbons in Wednesday’s blog post.)

The piercing call of the slender ape drove home with force and conviction: “These woods are mine! I live here!’” This despite the meager remnant forest, the press of the tourist parade — more than a million strong each year — and the blanket of high-yield rice rolling across what once was jungle. This land is inhabited by living spirits, and whether we care or not, they are sacred.

At the top, we had a rare chance to scrutinize native forest — rare because except for a few large tracts like the Cardamom Mountains, very little forest of any sort remains in Cambodia.

Continue reading

Why Monkeys Matter: Q&A with Stephen Nash, Wildlife Artist

wildlife artist Stephen Nash

Stephen Nash at his drawing table in Stony Brook, New York. (© Paula Katharina Rylands)

This is the fourth and final post in our “Why Monkeys Matter” series, which has been examining how field research on primates — not just monkeys, but apes, lemurs and more — is illuminating their role in natural ecosystems and helping us protect the places we all depend on..

For today’s blog, I talked with Stephen Nash, a wildlife illustrator who drew every known species and subspecies of primate for the recent primate volume of the “Handbook of the Mammals of the World.

 

1. How did you become a professional wildlife artist?

I started out wanting to be a medical illustrator, because I thought that it would be a profession in which I would learn how to draw “from the inside out” the way artists did in the past, studying the underlying anatomy first, so that surface structures were accurately and meaningfully rendered. However, I soon found out that medical illustration is less about drawing realistic anatomy these days than, say, producing images of dialysis machines.

I had always had a great interest in animals and nature, and of course admired the works of such artists as John James Audubon, Edward Lear and Peter Scott, but had no idea about how to proceed. Then, while at college in London, I had a chance conversation with John Norris Wood, who was the tutor for the Natural History Illustration course at the Royal College of Art. He encouraged me to apply first to the Scientific Illustration course at Middlesex Polytechnic, and then after completing it, to his course.

drawing of mandrill

Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx). (© CI/illustration by Stephen Nash)

While drawing one day at the London Zoo, I came across a group of cottontop tamarins, a squirrel-sized monkey from South America. For some reason, they utterly fascinated me. Years later, I discovered that as a child, I had had a stuffed toy that strongly resembled these monkeys. Although I had forgotten about it, I believe that subconsciously I was influenced by that toy when I saw the tamarins.

Continue reading

Why Monkeys Matter: What I’ve Learned From Finding Poop in the Woods

Ph.D. candidate Jackson Frechette has just concluded 14 months of gibbon field research with CI in the forests of Cambodia. Today on Human Nature, he shares why this work is so important. Although it should be noted that gibbons are actually not monkeys, but “lesser apes,” this is the third post in our “Why Monkeys Matter” series; read the previous posts.

female gibbon with infant in Cambodia

Female gibbon with infant in Cambodia’s Veun Sai Siem Pang Conservation Area. (© Santiago Cassalett)

In May 2011, I arrived in Cambodia to conduct my Ph.D. research on gibbons in Veun Sai Siem Pang Conservation Area (VSSPCA). I had no idea what to expect.

I had never been to Cambodia; in fact, it was just eight months prior that I had switched my research site from South America. Until that point, I had spent my entire career working in and studying South American ecosystems. I even lived for 13 months in the jungles of Suriname studying capuchin monkeys.

But the opportunity to study gibbons and work with CI was too enticing to pass up. So here I was, entering an unknown world, leaving behind my culture, my language and my girlfriend for over a year.

The first thing almost every Western visitor says upon arriving at the site is: “This is the most remote place I have ever been.” It’s that remoteness, about one and a half days of travel from Phnom Penh, which makes this area one of the great wild places on Earth.

Continue reading

Why Monkeys Matter: 10 Primate Facts That Will Blow Your Mind

aye-aye

An aye-aye in Madagascar. (© E.E. Louis Jr.)

This is the second post in Human Nature’s “Why Monkeys Matter” series. In case you missed it, check out yesterday’s post by leading primatologist — and CI president — Russ Mittermeier.

There are innumerable reasons why we should protect primates.

Some of them serve as indicator species for the health of their habitats; when they disappear, it’s not a good omen for tropical forest ecosystems. Others disperse seeds, helping to maintain forest cover. And in many places, they serve as an important draw for tourists, who bring revenue into local communities in exchange for a chance to see these iconic animals face to face.

But that’s not why I’ve been a self-defined “primate geek” since I began learning more about them as an anthropology major in college. To me, they’re just cool, and a world without them would be a less interesting place.

Here’s some proof: 10 facts guaranteed to amaze, impress, and/or weird you out.

Continue reading

Why Monkeys Matter: New Book Provides Comprehensive Guide to World’s Primates

This week on Human Nature, our “Why Monkeys Matter” series will examine how field research on primates — not just monkeys, but apes, lemurs and more — is illuminating their role in natural ecosystems and helping us protect the places we all depend on. CI President Dr. Russ Mittermeier kicks off the series with this reflection on a project four decades in the making. Read other posts in this series. 

Yellow-tailed woolly monkey in Peru.

Yellow-tailed woolly monkey in Peru. (© CI/photo by Stephen Nash)

I have been fascinated by nonhuman primates ever since I was a little boy growing up in the Bronx. It’s sometimes hard to explain what piqued my interest in this particular group of animals, but I believe it derived from several early influences.

One was certainly the “Tarzan” books and movies, in which the jungle hero is raised by a group of gorilla-like great apes in the interior of the African forest. Another was the fact that my mother took me to the Bronx Zoo and the American Museum of Natural History on a weekly basis, where I quickly gravitated to the primate (and reptile) exhibits. Third, as I progressed in my education, I learned that these animals were both our closest living relatives (which led to me to study biological anthropology in both college and graduate school) and the best symbols for the tropical rainforests of the world, where 90% of them live.

Continue reading

Tonle Sap Visit Finds Little Evidence of Once-Abundant Species

CI marine biologist Les Kaufman spends most of his trips to the “field” near, on or in the ocean. But this week in Cambodia’s Tonle Sap region, he’s in for something different. Les is part of a team studying the interactions between one of the world’s largest freshwater fisheries and the people who depend on it. Read the first post from his trip.

floating house on Tonle Sap, Cambodia

A family living in a floating house on Tonle Sap awaits the return of Dad, out fishing. (© CI/photo by Les Kaufman)

It was with great expectations that we set off down a seemingly interminable canal on our first mission out into the “Great Lake” — Tonle Sap. The 15 of us were distributed among three surprisingly stable long boats made for crossing vast, shallow bodies of water.

The channel we were traveling requires constant dredging to keep it open across the miles that separate the current lake levels from the stranded high-water mark — currently dry. On the way out we passed a big hydraulic shovel, now asleep, which would later come to life with Sisyphean digging by the time we found ourselves homeward bound at eventide.

Soon the channel gave way to low scrub and grassland on either side. The scrub was dominated by Mimosa pigra, a thorny shrub native to Central and South America. A highly invasive species, it has carpeted the seasonal lake bed, blocked access to fish and driven some lake residents to seek their livelihoods elsewhere.

Continue reading

How Can Cambodia Sustain Its Freshwater ‘Fish Factory’?

CI marine biologist Les Kaufman spends most of his trips to the “field” near, on or in the ocean. But this week in Cambodia’s Tonle Sap region, he’s in for something different. Les is part of a team studying the interactions between one of the world’s largest freshwater fisheries and the people who depend on it. 

fish in Cambodian marketplace near Tonle Sap

A combination of native and exotic fish caught in the Tonle Sap, for sale at Siem Reap marketplace. (© CI/photo by Les Kaufman)

As our plane zoomed in over the lake, we could see the vast lake floor spreading from horizon to horizon. At the moment, the lake’s low water levels were settled into the deepest fifth of the land it occupies during flood season. The waters were dotted by stilted and floating villages; vast rice systems ringing the lake stretched from its floodplains to year-round terra firma.

The monsoons are just beginning anew, so the afternoon sky is bedecked with big boomers (thunderheads) all about. Tonle Sap — the Great Lake — is a monstrous engine of rice and fish, diversity and life. CI is here, working with our Cambodian partners, to stem the disappearance of this world.

Blighted by poverty, corruption, climate change and dams, yet buoyed by tradition and deep national pride, Tonle Sap — the largest lake in Southeast Asia — has been aptly called the beating heart of Cambodia. We want to see it keep on beating.

Continue reading

Zimbabwean Students Hold Walkathon to Protect Nature

If we are to make conservation central to sustainable development in the future, we must instill a conservation ethic in our children. Here’s an inspiring story from a teacher in Zimbabwe, whose school is doing just that.

student walkathon fundraiser in Harare, Zimbabwe

Second graders at Harare International School in Zimbabwe line up before starting their walkathon, which raised money for two environmental causes of the students’ choosing. (photo courtesy of Rory Parkinson)

As a second-grade teacher, there is nothing more rewarding for me than seeing children take action in response to what they have learnt. I was privileged to witness this firsthand several months ago when the grade 2 classes at Harare International School participated in a sponsored “walkathon” to support two very worthy causes chosen by the students: protection of rainforests in the tropics and rhinos in Matobo, Zimbabwe.

Continue reading

Can Consumer Goods Companies Achieve Zero Deforestation by 2020?

A version of this post was originally published on the Guardian Sustainable Business blog.

boy carrying oil palm in Liberia

Liberian boy carrying bucket of oil palm fruit. In its effort to reach zero net deforestation by 2020, the Consumer Goods Forum is focusing on improving practices in the production of four commodities, including palm oil. (© CI/photo by Rob McNeil)

The flurry of excitement in 2010 around the Consumer Goods Forum (CGF) announcement that its 400+ members would work together to achieve zero net deforestation by 2020 was palpable. Those of us in the climate community had the “aha” moment we had been waiting for — finally the private sector would join us in combating one of the fastest-growing contributors to climate change: deforestation.

With the endless commentary on how global population will topple the 9 billion mark by 2050, how food production must grow by an astounding 70% to meet the growing need and how only one in six people have access to clean water, these companies were committing to making a crucial investment in how our planet mitigates and adapts to climate change. The NGO community was abuzz with what we believed to be a monumental milestone — everything seemed to be on the right track.

It’s been over two years since that commitment was announced, and my confidence in its significance has not waned. However, with the exception of a quick injection of activity around Rio+20 last June — when the U.S. government pledged to help the CGF with its commitment — many companies are still scratching their heads and wondering where to begin. Meanwhile, deforestation continues to wipe out an area the size of Costa Rica year after year.

Continue reading

Video: Collecting Species Data in Uganda

setting up camera trap in Uganda

Badru Mugerwa — the subject of the short film “Badru’s story — sets up a camera trap in Uganda. (© Benjamin Drummond)

A few months ago, Human Nature posted a blog about the Tropical Ecology Assessment & Monitoring (TEAM) Network reaching a major milestone: the collection of their 1 millionth camera-trap photo of wildlife. That blog remains our most popular post so far in 2013.

Here’s some more good news for TEAM: A short film produced for the TEAM Network will be screened at the Mountainfilm in Telluride Festival. The film, “Badru’s Story,” follows the TEAM site manager in Uganda’s Bwindi Impenetrable National Park as he gathers field data that is helping us better understand the threats to biodiversity in the world’s remaining tropical forests.

Continue reading